Thursday, December 26, 2019

Research On The Education Field Essay - 1656 Words

Research in the Education Field Educators need to be consumers—it is our responsibility as teachers to take what research concludes and incorporate that into our classrooms and teaching philosophy. Educational research is extremely valuable to not only teachers but the students as well. A teacher can completely master a subject, yet a student may not learn anything in that class. Research is valuable to the education field because it is necessary for the field to improve and evolve, ultimately creating the best learning environment for the student (Slavin, 2012). Research is extremely valuable to the education field when completed correctly, however, in some cases this does not happen. In Slavin’s article, Evidence-Based Education Policies: Transforming Educational Practice and Research, he explains how important research is to the field as well as what is wrong with it and how we need to be aware of the research we are basing our educational practices off of. Within research, experiments are extremely important. However, it is rare within educational research that these experiments are properly executed or are factually based (Slavin, 2012). For example, a major belief within the education field is that each student has a specific learning style. They are either visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learners. However, this has been proven untrue by a replicable research study that proved that this goes against the natural connectivity and communication of the brain (Geake,Show MoreRelatedResearch On The Field Of Education997 Words   |  4 PagesIn the field of education, it is essential for a professional to be engaged in educational research that will produce effective decisions and choices for best practices in the classroom. There are two studies of educational research the supply side and the demand. The supply side researches the history of a system in play and investigates what a scholar has stated on a certain matter, it dwells into the amount of research, how it has influenced the educational community, and the quality of said researchRead MoreResearch Studies On The Field Of Education Research795 Words   |  4 PagesResearch is a detailed study that carefully looks into a specific problem, issue or topic. Historically, research has been done on many broad topics and be on just about anything. The study usually begins with a question that is turned into the answer once the research is complete. There are many different ways to research and get the info needed to get the answers, such as observing the wor ld, a specific group, your peers or previous research studies. In the field of education research can beRead MoreThe Role Of Research On The Field Of Education2842 Words   |  12 Pagesthe role that research has in the field of education and to clarify how research is used by education stakeholders. This paper refers to ten articles in order to provide rationale for the thesis that education is influenced at all hierarchical levels by research, although it is used differently by each level based on the desired outcome and the requirements of each level’s particular stakeholders. Two categories of research are explored in this paper: traditional and action research. TraditionalRead MoreField Research Paper Education During Infancy1531 Words   |  7 Pages Field Research Paper Education during Infancy Virginia Baccellia Psych/600 March 3, 2014 University of Phoenix Field Research Paper Education during Infancy The most important stages in an individual’s life begins at the early development stage through infancy. During this stage, cognitive and emotional development body, along with physical growth during this process. Cognition development is necessary through this phase as it gathers information and deciphers it correctly. During this phaseRead MoreField Research Paper Education During Infancy1516 Words   |  7 Pages Field Research Paper Education during Infancy The most important stages in an individual’s life begins at the early development stage through infancy. During this stage, cognitive and emotional development body, along with physical growth during this process. Cognition development is necessary through this phase as it gathers information and deciphers it correctly. During this phase, the person focuses on detail and attempts to describe person, place, or object. The infant observes and portraysRead More Using Technology for Research and Learning in the Field of Education2208 Words   |  9 PagesTechnology for Research and Learning in the Field of Education In the last decade technology has expanded greatly. Now, we can order movie tickets, make reservations, and even listen to music without ever leaving the comfort of our own homes. But technology tools are not only used for entertainment purposes. These tools also help us learn and explore new things. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of technology tools as they apply to learning and research within education. ToolsRead MoreEducation Field Using The Synthesis Method Of Research Studies1514 Words   |  7 Pagesclassrooms are all suffering. There is however, a better way for students to learn in a more creative and interactive way that will be more effective and fun for the students all at the same time. This study will be focused in the education field using the synthesis method of research studies. This study is focused on proving that when movement is implemented into the classroom setting, it creates a better learning environment for students and helps them develop a more permanent understanding of what theyRead MoreAfrican American Criminal Justice Graduates in the Real World715 Words   |  3 Pagesdegree in a particular field grantee you a successful career within that field? As for African Americans, will most criminal justice graduates have a career in their field of study post graduation? How long will it take to achieve a career in the criminal justice field? The theme of this research is to examine the advantages of obtaining a criminal justice degree and how effective it is within individuals’ careers within the field of criminal justice. Through this research readers will be educatedRead MoreHigh Degree Education Of Ceramic Art825 Words   |  4 Pageslife’s fortune. Although today’s social life is so different than the past, people are getting harder to focus on pure academic research because of the distractions from daily affairs. Especially for higher degree students that rely on independent research, which provides freedom, but also brings the problems of shallow researches. Currently, the higher degree education in contemporary ceramic art of Asian should construct its own value system that suits Eastern culture and aesthetic. The views ofRead MoreSpecial Education For Students With Disabilities797 Words   |  4 PagesLaw 94-142 nearly fifty years ago, the field of special education has made great gains in providing individ ualized education for students with disabilities. Because of the law, researchers, schools, and teachers are able to find the latest advances in providing successful academic and social experiences for all students. However, while there have been great gains in the field, there are many issues that have yet to be addressed. These issues in special education can limit the educational experiences

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Process Analysis For Verizon s Customer Service - 925 Words

Less hassle and additional assistance when they are chatting or calling Verizon’s customer service department- This is one added process that should never be considered a gap or omission in any business setting, especially customer service. However, it happens on a daily basis where a customer contacts our call center and simply wants to upgrade their devices or plans, then are not able to do either one for various reasons. Such as, not having their devices or plans long enough, being late on a payment, then still being required to pay the late fees, or the system will not permit the agent to make any changes for countless unknown reasons. These issues tend to stress the customers out and force them to submit negative reviews on social media or other outlets, too include a survey if they’re lucky. A. Process Analysis: The process analysis for this project will include a step by step breakdown of the process phases. These phases will be used to convey the needed inputs and outputs of the operations in order to improve the overall process. This operation will also help improve the current situations which is plaguing Verizon. For instance, shortening hold and help times, organizing the website and phone menus, offering surveys for everyone, and enhancing customer service practices. This will also help remove any superfluous waste thus increasing the overall effectiveness within the process. This process will also include specific issues, internal and external impacts,Show MoreRelatedComponents Of A Successful Business System1309 Words   |  6 PagesThere is the need to know what a business system is and how to construct useful systems and measures to run a business. A system is a process, technique, or an action intended to accomplish a detailed result.. Establishing a va luable business systems helps attain outcomes that are unfailing, assessable, and eventually do good for customers. Systems and processes are the vital initiative of your company, whether you notice is or not. Every aspect of your business is associated with a system that canRead MoreModule 2 Slp: Understanding Financial Reports1195 Words   |  5 Pagesto Invest, Verizon or Sprint? Most households in the US have at least one cellular phone. With the continuing increase in wireless devices and interface, it is important to look at the cellular carrier to decide who has the best coverage, best prices, and ultimately who will be able to continue to provide the best services. In deciding which carrier will be able to provide the best service in the future, we will look at two cellular providers, Verizon (VZ) and Sprint Nextel Corp (S). This comparisonRead MoreManufacturing And Service Environments : Verizon Wireless Services1718 Words   |  7 PagesManufacturing and Service Environments Verizon Wireless services flow Service requirement User certification Problem record Hardware problem E.U. C.S REC S.P. Services provider Key E.U.: End user C.S.: Customer service REC: Recorder S.P.: Service provider Elements of infrastructure in the Verizon Wireless Company process services flow The ends user forms the first element of the flow chart. He identifies a need, for assistance in the offering ofRead MoreInformation Technology Is More Than Computers Alone2064 Words   |  9 Pagestechnologies that process the information. In addition to computers, communications technologies, data recognition equipment, factory automation, and other hardware and services are also involved. Verizon Communications, which will be the focus of the project, uses Management Information Systems wisely in the very competitive communication industry. Verizon has controlled the market share on the power of its wide-ranging coverage network and its reputation for excellent customer service. The companyRead MoreVerizon Communications : Analysis And Company Overview2045 Words   |  9 PagesVERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC.FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Introduction and Company Overview Verizon Communications Inc. (Verizon), established in 1983, is a holding company. The company and its subsidiaries, provides communications, information and entertainment products and services to consumers, businesses and even the governmental agencies. It offers voice, data and video services and as well as solutions on its wireless and wireline networks. Its market segments thus are made up of Wireless and WirelineRead MoreCisco Case Study and Worksheet Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesto: Dr. Carlton Cunningham Submitted by: Ambar De Los Santos Corporan Jason Lukis Jireh Labarca Rahila Dholakia Date of Submission: January 13, 2016 Title of Assignment: CISCO Preliminary Case Analysis. CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of wordsRead MoreCompetition Analysis : Cisco Systems, Inc. Essay2261 Words   |  10 PagesCompetition Analysis As Verizon continues to grow and acquire various companies, they still need to keep their competitive edge. Verizon’s business solution competitors are not only the same as their wireless competitors but one is even a partner. Cisco â€Å"Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco s Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world CiscoRead MoreVz 2012 Sec 10-K Annual Reports Analysis Project3444 Words   |  14 PagesVerizon Communications, Inc. 2012 SEC 10-K Annual Reports Analysis Project November 30, 2013 Accounting for Non-accounting Managers Research -Draft- Full citations and credits pending†¦ Source data sites provided Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 History of the Company 3 Industry Overview 4 Summary 4 Competitive Landscape 5 Financial Data Verizon Communications Inc. and Subsidiaries 5 Financial Analysis of Key ratios 6 Asset Productivity Ratios 6 Financial StrengthRead MoreEssay on Verizon Wireless Marketing Plan2070 Words   |  9 PagesMarketing Plan for Verizon Wireless Customer Loyalty Program Business Mission: To provide the best quality of wireless and customer services in today’s market of wireless communications. Marketing Objective: To decrease the monthly customer churn rate to less than 1%, therefore ensuring Verizon Wireless will continue to lead the competition in customer loyalty. Executive Summary: Cellular communications is such a large aspect of today’s industries, and with the number of consumers alreadyRead MoreThe Leader in Me1370 Words   |  6 Pagesaffecting the world of work. Examples include increased global competition, the impact of information technology, the re-engineering of business processes, smaller companies that employ fewer people, the shift from making a product to providing a service, and the growing disappearance of the job as a fixed bundle of tasks. (Cascio, Wayne F. 2005) Many organizations have adopted practices; policies, procedures, and culture that emphasize teamwork and collaboration across work groups. These efforts

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Analysis to Effective Security Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis to Effective Security Management. Answer: Introduction: The classification of the risk is done for considering the division of the risk in terms of situational demands of the system. The risks of the information system implementation would be divided into low, medium and high risks. The medium risks have been classified further into high medium risks and low medium risks. The VIC government would be formed for classifying the risk in their own levels and it is required for taking some stern steps in forming the preventing measures in the organization. The four types of risks are business risks, process risks, project risks and product risks. The business risks are related to the firms which handling any kind of business. While implementing or starting a business one must take all the care and calculate the business risk. It is a probability of a company to get loose. There is no chance of getting profit or gain rather they calculate only the loss. They are influenced by the government regulations, price sales of the unit, economic stability and instability, climatic changes, competitions. It is related to the uncertainty in the profit of the business. The process risk is associated with the loss in the process due to the failure of a certain process, inadequate work or due to the external events (Tsoumas Tryfonas, 2004). There are 6 classification of risk in information processing system of the VIC government. The risk of network structure had been involved with the communication of the risk factors. The IT implementation has to face a major risk of technology related in the operations of the VIC government organization. The technical risk arises from the errors of IT design and operations. The human made mistakes in the operations of the information system is another major issue in the project. The human error is causing a process failure. It is like entering a wrong data in the program causing an error or entering a wrong price in the stock exchange market causing the error, which in turn leads to the loss. The development of the man made errors would imply the error free system for the organization of VIC. The safety issue would be implied for forming the effective and developed processing. The human health safety risks would be a major issue for deploying the effective strain in the organization. The mechanical and phycial failure of the information system would be implied for forming the issues in the development of the opertaions. The processing quality is the final issue in the development of the effective opertaions. The checking of the quality is a major factor that had resulted in forming the effective opertaions by regulating the operations. The state of the busines would be implied for forming the effective flow of opertaions (Liderman, 2008). The exposure of the risk had been implied for forming the effective deployment of the effective processing in the organization. There are three types of risk allocated in the development of the information system for VIC organization. The transaction would be helpful for implying the development of the effective communication. The various factors of risk in the organization are economic risk, translation of the risk, and transaction risk. Sometimes the currency change in the international market also gives this loss. One has to take careful steps in this currency market value. It is associated mostly with the business involving in the more than one currency. It matters a lot due to the time lagging between the transaction execution and the settlement. The purchasing company must pay lot more money to earn the company to overcome the loss and avoid the debts. The next part is regarding the translation risk. The translation risk is associated with foreign exchange. Here the companies a ssociated with the foreign currency and foreign assets have this kind of risk. The solution for this kind of problem is to use the currency swapping techniques and adopted currency exchange. fixed income risks also should include in this. According to Stoneburner, Goguen, Feringa (2002), the definition of the economic risk can be implied for forming the evaluation of the macroeconomics and its change. The evaluation would include the activities of stock change and regulation of the government of the countries. The instability of the government in political situation would tend to overlook the factors of risk mitigation. The international investors will have more risks than the domestic investors. Hence the foreign investors always mind this risk before investing in away country stocks. The basic types of the economic risks are the risk of the rise of the prices of the raw materials. It also includes the price rise in the energy also. The next risk is the increase in the minimum wages, this is not possible if the company stocks are decreased. But the minimum wages are mandatory in all the companies. The next risk is due to the risk of the production price decreasing. Even the price remains same the company profit may not increase. The next one is interest rate risk which also known as credit risk. It occurs in the companies where they use the credit resources. The increase of the rates of the interest would lead to the negative effciency of opertaions (Purtell, 2008). The last risk factor that had been analhyzed in this report would be implied for the implementation of the informaiton system in the organization. The exportation of the risk would comply the development of the risk categories. Comparing Accidental and Deliberate Threats Accidental threats are one which deletes the files accidentally and some files are sent to wrong persons like emails to wrong persons. Some other accidental threats like portable devices are lost or miss placed. The portable devices may include USB devices, hard disks, pen drive or other memory device kind of stuff. These files may be retrieved if they are saved in the secondary storage other devices, sometimes cloud storage. But the problem here is not the data lost or retrieving. The main problem is from the sending file to a wrong person. If the information is confidential then the problem arises. (Orzechowski, 2007) It is important for ensuring that the activities of the project of implementing the information system in deployed for forming the improvement of the operations. The accidental threats are also formed that results in critical evaluation of the existing facilities for forming the deployment of the operations. The basic types of the economic risks are the risk of the rise of the prices of the raw materials. It also includes the price rise in the energy also. The next risk is the increase in the minimum wages, this is not possible if the company stocks are decreased. But the minimum wages are mandatory in all the companies. The next risk is due to the risk of the production price decreasing. Even the price remains same the company profit may not increase. The next one is interest rate risk which also known as credit risk. The purchasing company must pay lot more money to earn the company to overcome the loss and avoid the debts. The next part is regarding the translation risk. The trans lation risk is associated with foreign exchange. The threats of the delibearte risks is analyzed for forming the inactive development of the opertaions would tend to form the developmemnt of the effective deployment of the opertaions. The delibearte threats atre formed for intenationally hamring the opertaios of the proejct. Even the price remains same the company profit may not increase. The next one is interest rate risk which also known as credit risk. It occurs in the companies where they use the credit resources. The increase of the rates of the interest would lead to the negative effciency of opertaions. The basic types of the economic risks are the risk of the rise of the prices of the raw materials. It also includes the price rise in the energy also. The next risk is the increase in the minimum wages, this is not possible if the company stocks are decreased. But the minimum wages are mandatory in all the companies. The implementation of the hard passwords are a major factor that can help in developing the solutions to the effective unauthorize access. The unauthorized access had been formed for intentionally developing the issues in implementing the opertaional issues in the organization. The hard passwords and parapharse for forming the effective security of the information system would be helpful for forming the accurate secuirty in the organization (Halliday, Badenhorst Solms, 1996). The execution of the hard passwords are a main consideration that can help in building up the answers for the compelling unauthorize get to. The unapproved get to had been framed for deliberately building up the issues in actualizing the opertaional issues in the association. The hard passwords and parapharse for shaping the viable security of the data framework would be useful for framing the exact secuirty in the association Guidelines for implying public and personal safety The different variables of hazard in the association are monetary hazard, interpretation of the hazard, and exchange chance. Sometimes the money change in the global market additionally gives this misfortune. One needs to make watchful strides in this money showcase esteem. It is related generally with the business including in the more than one money. It is important a considerable measure because of the time slacking between the exchange execution and the settlement. According to Carr (2004), the development of the security threats would form the effective analysis of the implementation procedure. The internal threat factors for the implementation of the information system would tend to result in forming the issues of the operations in the organization. The internal focus of the organization would be implied effectively for adjusting the corporate analysis of the effective risk management in the organization. The various factors of risk in the organization are economic risk, transl ation of the risk, and transaction risk. Sometimes the currency change in the international market also gives this loss. One has to take careful steps in this currency market value. It is associated mostly with the business involving in the more than one currency. It matters a lot due to the time lagging between the transaction execution and the settlement. Challenges of Information system Implementation VIC government will confront different issues in deciding the technique for controlling the dangers and securities, which are confronted by the administration. The hazard can be overseen by two ways. Outside advisors do this kind of security administration. They have essential thought regarding the instruments and methods of the administration and a few security issues (Grzywak, 2000). These experts can cause the VIC government to control the dangers with progress and in this way lessen the dangers. There are different constraints in embracing this strategy moreover. The legislature should invest more cash and energy behind the outer specialists. There can be particular issues like misconstruing between the specialists and government. This kind of circumstance prompts more issue. The outside advisors won't not comprehend the issue in subtle elements and there can be circumstances where the specialists won't not be reliable. This security administration is the most straightforward alternative accessible to the legislature. Here the workers of the association will assume the part of counsels. There are sure points of interest of this administration technique. The representatives are the piece of the association and they know point by point data with the goal that the legislature won't need to pay additional time and assets not at all like on account of outer counsels. There are sure disservices of this technique moreover. The inward advisors can be impacted by a few managers and get befuddled. This strategy can prompt inward disagreement of the administration in view of various proposals. VIC government in having issues in picking their security administration. Be that as it may, an immaculate and appropriate hazard administration can help them to take care of their security issues. Outside and inward security administration, both are valuable for the legislature. Risk management is an effective process for analyzing the development of the factors of risk and developing some controlling factors for integrating in the organziation (Bandyopadhyay, Mykytyn Mykytyn, 1999). The risk management is employed for forming the effective development of the opertaions. The integration of the risk assessment would tend to form the analysis of the risk factors. The objectives of implementing the risk factors are Effective analysis of the risk: The effective analysis of the risk is the primary benefit of implementing the effective risk management plan (Tsoumas Tryfonas, 2004). The development of risk management plan would tend to help in the development of the opertaions. Minimize the impact of risk: The risk management plan would help in reducing the impact of the negative risk in the operations of the organiztaion (Bandyopadhyay, Mykytyn Mykytyn, 1999). The development of the project plan would be assisted by the use of the risk management plan as it would tend to reduce the negative impact of the project. We suggest the internal security and risk management from the above discussion. The main reason is privacy and data safety. We cannot expect the privacy if we give the security and risk management to outsiders. It is not easy to convince the stake holders to allow the security management to outsiders. The system access must be strictly limited insiders. The outsourcing is a bad idea in case of the security management. The other works can be assigned to others through outsourcing. The risk calculating details and past data of the organization is very confidential and hence it has to be maintained safely. The risks have to be monitored every time, the inside people best choice this job. Comparing Risk and Uncertainty of Victorian Data security. Risk Uncertainty Risk can be characterized as the circumstance, which has a serious likelihood of threat in up and coming future. Risks are of two sorts, internal and external (Liderman, 2008). The security hazards in the VIC government will be considered as critical. Here the administration knows the odds of the results. Dangers are controllable. The administration can control the dangers. It won't be wiped out but rather it can be limited. Uncertainty can be effortlessly characterized as unconventionality. It can be characterized as any circumstance where the future happenings are not known (Purtell, 2008). The VIC government won't know the result without bounds occasions and this can prompt hazard. Not at all like hazard, uncertainty is not under the control of the legislature and it can't be limited. When something is not accessible and dependable then that prompts uncertainty. Uncertainty prompts the arrangement of hazard. Risk mitigation for VIC government The risk management cycle comprises of developing the effective risk controlling and mitigation (Orzechowski, 2007). The cycle comprises of six steps namely, identify, analyze, prioritize, plan, mitigate, and monitor. These elements would form the effective analysis of the risk factors and development of the risk controlling in the organization. The exposure of the risk had been implied for forming the effective deployment of the effective processing in the organization. There are three types of risk allocated in the development of the information system for VIC organization. The transaction would be helpful for implying the development of the effective communication. Reference Bandyopadhyay, K., Mykytyn, P.P., Mykytyn, K., (1999). A framework for integrated risk management in information technology, Journal: Management Decision, Volume 37, Issue: 5, Page: 437 445. Carr, N., (2004). Does IT Matter? Information Technology and The Corrosion of Competitive Advantage, Harvard Business School Press. Grzywak, A., (2000) (ed.) Security of IT systems (In Polish), Jacek Skalmierski Publishing House, Gliwice. Halliday, S., Badenhorst, K., Von Solms, R., (1996). A business approach to effective information technology risk analysis and management, Journal of Information Management Computer Security, 1996, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Page: 19 31 Liderman, K., (2008). Risk analysis and information security in computer systems (In Polish), PWN SA, Warsaw. Orzechowski, R., (2007). Effective application of IT in the enterprise, (In Polish) E-mentor no 3(20). Purtell, T., 2008). New View on IT Risk: Building a successful Information Technology risk management program, The RMA Journal. Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A., Feringa, A., (2002). Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Tsoumas, V., Tryfonas, T., (2004), From risk analysis to effective security management: towards an automated approach. Information Management Computer Security Vol.12.

Monday, December 2, 2019

New York Times Vs. U.S. (1971) Essays - Daniel Ellsberg,

New York Times vs. U.S. (1971) This case came at a time when America was at unrest. A controversial war had divided the country. Opinions and arguments about whether the US involvement in Vietnam was warranted occupied the minds of American citizens. The people were hungry for information regarding the war. The Pentagon Papers, somehow leaked to the New York Times and Washington Post, fulfilled this need of the people for information. The government's assumption of prior restraint seemed to be a major blow to free speech and a sharp addition to the power of the government. The appellate courts' indecisiveness brought the ultimate decision to the Supreme Court. There was a deep division of opinion even among the Justices, and their decision landmarked what had been previously uncharted waters. The background to this landmark case has at its roots U.S. policies in Southeast Asia. These policies, which eventually led to the Vietnam War, were sharply criticized in a study authorized by Secretary of State Robert S. McNamara in 1967. This 47-volume study, officially named History of United States Decision-Making Process on Viet Nam Policy, have come to be known as the Pentagon Papers. These papers detailed the entire history of our involvement in Vietnam from World War II to the beginning of the Paris peace talks. Daniel Ellsberg, an employee of a California think tank, was given access to this study. This think tank held Defense Department contracts to analyze American strategy in Vietnam. Ellsberg had become convinced that our involvement in Vietnam was a mistake, and that American forces should be withdrawn immediately. Ellsberg and a man named Anthony Russo then photocopied the papers in a Los Angeles advertising office. Believing that these papers strongly supported his views, Ellsberg delivered a copy of the Pentagon Papers to Senator William Fulbright, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Still however, neither party made the papers public. Somehow copies of the documents were obtained by the New York Times, and in June 1971 they began publishing a series of articles based on the study. Nearly immediately a telegram was issued to the Times by the Attorney General John Mitchell ordering that it halt publication. The Times refused, and the government brought suit against them. Thus began a remarkably swift journey of justice ending at the Supreme Court. The first court decision, issued by NY federal district court Judge Gurfein, was in favor of the Times. However, the federal appellate court reversed this decision and ordered the newspaper to halt publication. Meanwhile, the Washington Post had obtained copies and had begun to print them, and the government brought suit against them as well. The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia decided not halt publication. The case was picked up by the Supreme Court in late June, just 11 days after the first suit. This was the first attempt by the federal government to restrain the publication of a newspaper, but in 1931 the state government of Minnesota had made such an attempt. Near vs. Minnesota involved an anti-Semetic newspaper carrying on a smear campaign against local officials. Here the Supreme Court laid the precedent of prior restraint. The Court ruled that a prior restraint of publication would be allowed only in the most exceptional cases. That is, one that threatened "grave and immediate danger to the security of the United States." From the government's point of view, the Times case was such an exceptional case. The government's case rested on four arguments. The first was that many of the documents were stamped TOP-SECRET. The second argument was the fact that the papers were stolen, and the newspapers had no right to have them, much less publish them. Also, disclosure of the papers' contents, such as the United States' involvement in the assassination of South Vietnam President Diem, would embarrass the nation. Finally, release of the inside information on the United States' approach to peace talks would hinder them and prolong the war. The newspapers arguments were fewer and shorter, but much more powerful in the minds of Americans and, as it turned out, the Supreme Court. First and foremost was the First Amendment's guarantee of free press, that is