Population Changes in Japan

throng Changes in lacquerMustafa AmeenIntroductionPopulation in a republic is a source of vitality, and it is involved in a variety of cost to master(prenominal)tain a reasonable standard of living. Particularly for resource-poor Is farming nation wish well lacquer, which has a existence of very huge or excessively petite is a serious problem. Size is non the unless issue social organisation of the world is as well as an important factor. For example, it can be severe imbalances in the midst of the sexes threaten the stability of marriage and the family in society monogamous. If the deem of aged citizens is large compargond with the working-age creation, the latter bears a heavy burden to support, and possibly the washout of the pension system. Issues such as these cannot be ignored by whatever unrivalled who wishes to deduct the political choices and social problems face lacquer or to consider the prospects for the countrys prox in the near term.This case s tudy looks at the country with a declining and aging people. lacquer has a nation of about 127 unrivaled trillion million million community, the 10th largest in the world, just it is unusual because the population is decreasing. Only a miserable number of other countries (such as Italy, Germany and Russia) waste low population, but no(prenominal) is expected to fall as fast as the population of Japan. The mortality rate also declined dramatically, and the matter was that the average length of life has increase by about 30 eld over the past half-century. intermediate life expectancy is now 82 for women and 76 for men. The percentage of mickle aged 65 years or to a spaciouser extent than 14% of the population in 1994, and by 2020 is expected to be the number one in the world through this procedure Japan.Japan has nearly 27 million people, the elderly and the largest proportion of over- 65S from any country (21 %, see invention 1). It also has a small-scaleer prop ortion of the population under the age of 15 (13.6 %), which target out lead to great surdies for Japan in the approaching, as the number of employees give not be able to support the population. These transmits occur more(prenominal) quickly in Japan than in Europe or the united States, and can seriously affect the economy of one of the richest countries in the world. consecrate of Change of population in JapanUntil recently, in the 1950s, and Japan is facing a chronic problem too many mouths to feed. In the capital of Japan period (1600-1868) held by the population and the media as a desperate infanticide and forsaking of the elderly.Japans population grew rapidly as it industrialized in the early ordinal century, an increase from 60 million in 1926 up to 100 million in 1967. Since the 1980s, however, has slowed population growth, after peaking in 2005, is now in decline. It is estimated that the population go away fall to 121 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2050. Wh at is more alarming is that the proportion of older persons will increase, and by 2030 it is estimated that one person in three will be over 65. This puts great pressure on the country. The course was a contraceptive on the main(prenominal) key for the decline in fertility. And practiced widely in Japan birth control condom use on a large scale private. And the availability of abortions also undoubtedly helped unwanted pregnancy reduction. stillbirth was legalized in Japan in 1948. The law allows for the termination of pregnancy is when continuity poses a serious threat to the physical health of the mothers or for stinting reasons. Extended explanation of these causes physical or economic condition is the creation for most abortions.The changing demographics in the population pyramids are shown in Figure 1. Pyramid for 1950 is cone-shaped, with a wide base. However, as the decreased birth and demolition rates, has changed the form of a large pyramid and will continue to do so . In the pyramid for 2005 is replaced by a broad base of indispensable vox before the bulging in 2050, on that point is the upper part of a much larger, which indicates the predominance of the ability of the elderly. Vigorous pace of change in demographics cannot be reversed or even slowed down significantly. subjugate economic stagnation and social and maintain inter-generational equity may be the biggest challenges facing Japan, which grow gray by the year.Figure 1 Japans changing population3Declining of the population in JapanThe main reason for the decline in numbers is that Japanese women are not having enough children. legion(predicate) Japanese who choose to marry at a later age than in April 2007, on average, between 28 and 30 years old, and this means that they kick in children later, or not at all. Many women decide to also not to marry, choose to study or betroth a career instead of having children.Japanese culture in the nurture of children and usually left for t he mothers. Very few men take any leave to care for children ( although they are entitled to do so ) , and eyeshot polls reveal that more than 40 % of parents did not change a nappy or put children to sleep. This fact , and the lack of child-care facilities , which means that the small number of women returning to work after having children , and many women feel and others will set about to give up a lot in sound out to have a family .There are also strong economic reasons why people choose not to have children or to have one or two only. Being pregnant is expensive in Japan, and pregnancy is not covered by health insurance. This means that women should ease up for their own medical care during pregnancy, including hospital tests. After birth, and is provided free health care for all children up to the age of three years (or basketball team in some areas). He added that this is the huge costs of education and high education, and many families decide they can only afford to hav e one or two children at most. Child Benefit paid by the government to the families of low and barely enough to pay for diapers , not to nominate other costs associated with having a family .The effect of population declination in JapanThere are two types of special problems that will result from population decline. The first is the cost of caring for people as they get older, and the second is the lack of younger workers to fill the jobs. And more and more people reach retirement age, the country will need to find more money for their pensions. This means that already raising the retirement age and gets more contributions from both employers and employees, and theyll have to revisit again in the future. Already there is evidence of older workers in the shops, at airports, in the Tokyo vacuum tube or taxi driving.In the future there will be great pressure on the country as it tries to provide fitting health care to support the elderly. This inevitably means larger tax bills for people who work.The second problem and the most pressing is that companies find it severe to hire new employees, and this will become more difficult in the future. If you cannot fill the jobs, then productivity will fall, and so the country will prosper.Box 1 valet de chambre population over 65 JapanFigure 2 Map showing the worldwide distribution of people over 65 years old Figure 3 World map showing land areasThe map in Figure 2 is an equal area cartogram in which each country has been sized gibe to the percentage of its population that is over 65. The colors used group the territories into 12 geographical regions, and allow it to be compared with other maps in the World machinator series (see web link at end of article). Figure 3 is a standard world map based on land areas and using the same colors, for comparison. In 2002, 7% of the worlds population was over 65. The map shows Japan, in purple, with a large elderly population at 21%. This contrasts with Saudi Arabia, where onl y 1% of the population is over 65. China has the largest elderly population in terms of numbers (92 million), but this is only 7% of the total Chinese population. Africa is home to only 6% of the worlds population aged over 65.Conclusion and future workIn the long run, it is hoped that Japanese women can be persuaded to have more children, but social attitudes and trends is difficult for the government to address. Consideration is creation given in the reforms, such as increasing the amount of the premium of the child, and the provision of tax allowances for families, and bring about child care more accessible, in the hope that this would lead to an increase in birth rates. However, many people do not think that an increase in birth rates that were not there are also social and cultural changes.In the short term, Japan should solve the labor shortage there. One way is clear to bring forward more immigration. Currently there are only about 2 million foreigners live in Japan, and this is not anywhere near enough. There is a need for workers in the full footslog of functions, including dirty or dangerous jobs that Japanese people do not want to do ( such as cleaning or working in residential homes ) and functions that people need to be highly experient and trained . Shortage in the engineering and computer programming Japan is well known. Some estimates say that Japan will need at least 500,000 immigrants each year over the next 40 years in order to keep pace.Difficulty with this, however, is that the Japanese as a nation are opposed to immigration. People born Japanese make up 98.5 % of the population, and it is difficult for foreigners to be accepted or to become citizens of Japan. In comparison with Switzerland this rate is 18% of the foreign workforce. Although the Japanese government is considering how to encourage more migrant workers, it also wants to impose controls on immigration. It would be difficult to change the views of the majority of the J apanese people, who fear that immigration threatens to what they see as the purity of Japanese culture. There is no doubt that Japans population in decline, and despite the fact that the government is aware of this problem, and many feel they have been slow to respond. It is unlikely that the elderly population is smaller and increasingly will be able to maintain the productivity and prosperity of the country, unless steps are taken to address the issues of population decline.Figure 3 current population pyramid for japan 5ReferencesWorld mapper www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging of Japanhttp//www.ithaca.edu/ geriatrics/schools/pdf/Aging%20in%20Japan.pdfhttp//www.worldmapper.org/articles/WW_Japan_pop.pdfhttp//www.indexmundi.com/japan/age_structure.html1